
The 1945 European Social Pact
Jan 8, 2019 | Papers, Publications

The 1945 European Social Pact
- Raquel Varela
- 2019
- Critique — Journal of Socialist Theory
- Volume 47, Issue 1
- 71-88 p.
- Language: English
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2018.1554759
- ISSN: 0301-7605 / 1748-8605 (online)
Among the dominant theses of the neoliberal period, exacerbated by the crisis of 2008, is that the European Union would be the builder of the European Social State. In fact, the consolidation of the European Union implied the destruction of the Welfare State. The European Social State was born robust in 1945–1947, ten years before the European Coal and Steel Community (later European Economic Community and the European Union). The EU was consolidated only in the 1980s, after several crises and periods of instability. At the time the EU was brought together, the Social State had begun to enter a crisis, albeit a gradual one. The EU will play a decisive role, through the European Social Fund and the Community Directives, in replacing the Social State (universal policies based on progressive taxation) by Social Assistance (policies focused on the unemployed and the poor based on the transfer of workers’ income of average sectors for poor workers).
Keywords:
European Union, Welfare State, Social Pact, Neoliberalism
Other publications
Search
Events
janeiro, 2026
Tipologia do Evento:
Todos
Todos
Colloquium
Conference
Conference
Congress
Course
Cycle
Debate
Exhibition
Launch
Lecture
Meeting
Movie session
Open calls
Opening
Other
Presentation
Round table
Seminar
Showcase
Symposium
Tour
Workshop
- Event Name
seg
ter
qua
qui
sex
sab
dom
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Detalhes do Evento
STEXEU's launch conference, to discuss how states of exception reshaped the roles of governments, security forces, and non-state actors. The Constitutional Road to Dictatorship: States
Ver mais
Detalhes do Evento
STEXEU‘s launch conference, to discuss how states of exception reshaped the roles of governments, security forces, and non-state actors.
The Constitutional Road to Dictatorship:
States of Exception and Authoritarianism in Europe, 1900–39
Liberal democracies in the early twentieth century used emergency powers to confront political unrest, but these measures often paved the way for authoritarian rule. This conference discusses how states of exception reshaped the roles of governments, security forces, and non-state actors, highlighting how constitutional mechanisms intended to defend liberal rule could, in fact, contribute to its erosion and to the rise of fascism.
STEXEU is coordinated by Arturo Zoffmann Rodriguez and funded by the European Research Council.
FREE ADMISSION
Tempo
(Sexta-feira) 10:00 pm - 7:00 pm
Localização
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
Organizador
Institute of Contemporary History — NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanitiescomunicacao.ihc@fcsh.unl.pt Avenida de Berna, 26C - 1069-061 Lisbon
News
Matt Cook is the IHC Visiting Scholar for 2025–2026
Jan 13, 2026
Distinguished social and cultural historian from the University of Oxford
IHC dedicates film cycle to Frantz Fanon
Jan 9, 2026
Film cycle focusing on the relationship between his work and this art form
TRANSMAT publication discusses the legacies and responsibilities of Portuguese museums
Jan 7, 2026
Special supplement to the journal História, Ciências, Saúde — Manguinhos
CONTACTS
WORKING HOURS





























































































































